Geographically, Tălmaciu is located in the south of the Transylvanian Plateau, between 23° 41' - 24°55'east longitude and 45°30' - 46' north latitude, between the Sibiu Depression, the Carpathians and Hârtibaciului Plateau. This position has created over time some historical and geographical advantages. Being situated at the outskirts of the Kingdom of Hungary and in the immediate vicinity of the pass, the town has benefited, even since the fourteenth century, from certain freedoms and privileges that have influenced the development of human communities in the area.

The southern limit consists of a difference in level of 300-450m from the northern ridges of Cindrel and Lotrului Mountains. The eastern boundary follows the steep Hârtibaciului Plateau that dominates Cibin meadow by 150-200m. It is created by erosion, at the base of which there is a strip of Glacis, with an inclination of 5-15 °, almost continuously between Sura Mare and Tălmaciu. It is shaped by mass movements and  ravine processes.

The Sibiu Depression altitudes are between 380m in the Cibin meadow and 650m in the Obrejii Hill. Of the total area of ​​the basin, 73% are between 400-500m, and the rest between 500-600m.

In the Sibiu Depression, depending on the landscape energy, there are three categories of areas:

- Areas with a landscape energy of over 80m and a high potential for expression of the current modeling processes, characteristic of the piedmont area, in contact with the mountain;

- Areas with a landscape energy between 30-80m having a medium modeling potential, characteristic of the terraces and glacises of the depression;

- Areas with a landscape energy between 0-30m with low modeling potential, characteristic to the alluvial plain of Cibin.

In the Sibiu Depression 60% of the slopes have little inclination (1-5), which is characteristic of floodplains and terraces. 2-5 severe slopes appear in the area of the glacis at the base of the steep Hârtibaci Plateau and the slopes of 25-35 are characteristic of the hills in the southern part of the depression and origin of the torrential basins. The angled slopes, with values ​​above 55 are specific to the small gorge of Tălmaciu.

In the submountainous Depression of Sibiu there are big differences between the slopes with southern exposure and those with northern exposure. Those with a southern exposure are quickly released of the buildup in winter (frost, snow), the ablation process being reduced and replaced by water denudation and creep phenomena after drying.

On the slopes with northern exposure snowmelt and soil thawing occur slowly and evenly, producing a film erosion, as it is done in winter on a frozen surface.

The Sibiu Depression, where the village of Tălmaciu is being situated, is mostly constituted of large bridges of terrasses, meadows and outfalls of Cibin, Sad and the many tributaries that gather towards the center of the depression. Its evolution was within the typical conditions of a contact depression, in which the lithological differences and the drainage direction had a decisive role. It has been hollowed out at the very contact between the crystal and the sedimentary formations.

The Meridional Carpathians in the area are composed of metamorphosed formations in which the facies of the crystalline schist partially extends within the locality. In the Tălmaciu area, there are cemented sedimentary rocks, such as the  "On the Stone" hill. From a morphometrical point of view, the village runs between 300-400m altitude,  with higher altitude at the place called "On the Hill"in the southern part of the village.

The piedmont of the S-E of the village becomes erosive, where the Sphinx of Tălmaciu is carved. The Cibin Valley and the Sad Valley have evoluted and one can morphogenetically and morphometrically distinguish several units: the meadow, the lower terrace, the medium terrace and the upper terrace.

The average annual temperature

To analyze the evolution of average annual temperatures, data taken from the weather stations of Sibiu and Boiţa have been processed about this variable. There was an average temperature of 8,8 ° C in Sibiu and 9 ° C in Boiţa. The average January temperature is -3.8 ° C in Boiţa and that of July is 19.5 ° C in Sibiu and  20.2 ° C in Boiţa. There is a thermal amplitude of 23.3 ° C both to the meteorological station of Sibiu and to the meteorological station of Boiţa.

If we overlap the hypsometric map of the depression on the specific isotherms map, it appears that the Sibiu Depression is defined in most of the cases by the 8 ° C isotherm, this closely following the contact with the mountain, having a similar route with the 600m isohypse.

In the east and south, this isothermal leaves a wide opening towards the Fagaras Depression and a  narrower one towards the Olt Valley, deeply penetrates the Hârtibaciului Valley, it bypasses towards South the Gusterita Hill heading for the Tarnava Mare Valley.

The distribution of the January average temperatures reflects the phenomenon of the inversion climate. Thus, the -4.5 ° C isotherm is specific for the Cibin Meadow, that of  -4 ° C to the Cibinului terraces and the -3 ° C the low side of the piedmont hills. The average temperature this month there normally decreases with increasing altitude.

The distribution of the July average temperature is a normal one, specific to the distribution of the average temperatures in the lower troposphere. Thus, the highest temperatures are specific to the Cibinului flood plain, these areas being bounded by the 19.5 ° C isotherm. This isotherm is also specific for the Sibiu Municiple, especially to the built environment which, although it is placed on the first terrace, has higher temperatures due to the influence of the urban active surface. The terraces of Cibinului and part of the piedmont hills (up to 450m) are characterized by the 19 ° C isotherm, the medium parties and the slopes delimiting the depression of the Hârtibaciului Plateau are characterized by the 18 ° C isotherm and the 17 ° C isotherm passes over the contact between the valley and the mountain (700-750m).

The average annual precipitation

It is unevenly distributed on the surface of the depression and during a year, due to the different altitudes of the data collection points, the different display of the slopes towards the general direction of the prevailing winds and the settlement of various sectors of the depression.

12% of the yearly precipitation falls in winter, 26% in spring, 42% in summer and 20% in autumn. It is noticed that a 32% of the total precipitation falls during the cold period of the year, compared to 68% during the warm period, due to the high-frequency of the anticyclone regime and to the sharp weakening of the upward thermal convention.

Because they are dependent on the frequency and the development degree of the baric systems crossing the Sibiu Depression, as well as on the intensity of the local thermoconvection processes, the precipitation of the Sibiu Depression has a yearly dynamics characterized by increased water quantities from February to June and a decrease from June to February.

The Depression of Sibiu is one of the regions of the country with an appreciable stability of the annual precipitation, meaning that the highest monthly amounts coincide for most of the years observed, with June and the lowest with February .

A special role in the development of the meteorological and climatogene processes have the landforms, whose influence is especially excercised by altitude, the orientation of the crests, the landform, the slope inclination and exposure. The territory is determined by two areas: the mountains and the depressional area, a special influence with air, the frequent producing of solid precipitation relative to the liquid one. Altitude leads to the increasing of the wind speed, the reducing of the air pressure and to the frequent occurrence of fog.

Winter starts in late November or early December and lasts until April. Nights are cold, often even frosty, temperatures often reaching -20 ° C. Winter is rich in snow and blizzards are not lacking. Spring starts quite late - in April and due to cold season extending long enough, the flowering of the trees and the sowing of the crops in our area is later than in other places in the South. Summer days are hot, the temperature rising to 30 ° C. Rainfall is common in this season. Autumn, like sprin, is a fickle season in our area, because frequent sudden changes in temperature take place. Low enough temperatures of this time of year come with frost falling even in September.

The wind

Located at mid-latitudes, the Sibiu Depression, as well as the whole country, is characterized by the predominance in height of the West components(NW, W, SW) of the general atmospheric circulation. Its position within the Carpathian mountains is also an argument purporting to justify the dominance of western winds and on the Earth's surface. In reality, the situation of the winds frequency from different directions at 10m above the Earth's surface differs greatly from that in free air.

Winds are a constant climatic appearance of this area. Northwest winds blow here, Central European winds with high humidity. The S-E winds also blow here, coming from the peaks of Fagaras, hot high-speed winds which the locals call "snow eaters". This wind together with the Central European one blows most of the year, but especially in May, June, September, November and December.

As the climatic conditions of the Sibiu Depression are characteristic to the hardwood forests, from a pedogenetical point of view the area is characterized by the phenomenon of argillic podzolization.

On the back of the piedmonts and the broad slopes of glacises, under the forests, the argillic podzolic forest soil predominates. On slopes, especially on the sunny ones and on the terraces, typical brown soils are common or in different degrees of podzolization.

In meadows and on the lower terraces, the poor soils and the hydromorphic ones predominate, their presence being linked to the existence of the shallow phreatic layer. Depending on the depth at which the phreatic layer lies, they can be hydromorphic, semihydromorphic and autohydromorphic, just as depending on the amount of thehumus, soils are humiferous (when developed on the clay deposits of old meadows) or having a weak accumulation of humus (when developed on the recent meadows of the side valleys).

On the rarely flooded meadows the alluvial soils are present, and on the regularly flooded ones the alluvial deposits that do not allow the continuity of the pedogenetical processes cause the appearance of poor soils. Raising of the groundwater in wet periods often causes their gleyzation at the basis of the soil profile.

The region overlaps the basin of the Cibin river. It springs from the Cibin Mountains, where its main tributaries of his right side also gather their waters: Orlat, Mărăjdia, Poplaca, Seviș (Sebeș), Cisnădie, Tocile, Sărata and Sadul. Among its left tributaries are: Valea Mare, Hârtibaciul (it flows in the depression only a few hundred meters), Râşnoavele, Hamba, Pretanul (short tributaries, with springs in its neighboring highlands and insignificant flows).

For the rivers and streams coming from the mountain, the supply is bellow 40% and for the springs in the plateau, the supply is of 40-60%.

The Cibin River is the collector river of all the depression, the main collector draining the neighboring depression of Săliște also flowing in it. It springs in the Cindrel Mountains(Cândrel or Cibinului) and enters the locality of Sibiu in the locality Gura Râului.

The short valleys fragmenting the terraces and the meadows of Cibin are generally symmetrical and narrow, with a look of grooves in the walls of which piedmont gravels or sands appear, the fine gravels and the fossil soils of the floodplain.

The fast waters of Sad had always had a great importance for the Tălmăceni citizens, because they provide water supply to the village and its special properties have contributed to the building of the cotton factory.